CHAPTER-3
REVIEW OF LITERATURE
3.1 INTRODUCTION
The present chapter gives the review of related studies already existing in the field. The main objective of this chapter is to base the present research on the knowledge and structure already existing so that the proper rational research could be done for the study. During the literature survey, the investigator came across various types of studies related to user survey in Academic, Special and Public libraries. Almost all the studies included in this chapter are empirical in nature and directly related to the study. These studies were thought to be of great utility to develop knowledge base. All these studies have been discussed in the proceeding paragraphs.
3.1.1 Jorosi (2006) investigated the information needs and information seeking behaviours of SME (small and medium-sized enterprises) managers in Botswana
3.1.2 Fang (2005) opined that document use rate of the libraries in China China
3.1.3 Hayden (2005) expressed that 84 % respondents feel satisfaction with the book collection. In relation to actually borrowing Library materials, just under 70 % of students and 74 % of staff surveyed borrow at least once a month. Students choose to borrow based primarily on course reading lists; 54 % of undergraduates answered that they find it easy or very easy to locate items in WIT Libraries; while 42 % find it from difficult to impossible; 12 % of staff surveyed found it difficult to locate material. In total, 52 % of student and 77 % of staff have visited the Library web site – mainly to access the catalogue and to find out information about the Library. 37 %of staff use databases, with most expressing satisfaction with the service.
3.1.4 Gunter (2005) suggested that for novels and non-fiction works such as biographies, that readers would tend to read from cover to cover, the electronic reading environment works less well. With these publications, readers probably prefer to sit comfortably in an armchair with the hard copy on their laps. Sitting forward at a computer screen is a less relaxed and comfortable way of consuming these works.
3.1.5 Nozero and Finley (2005) found that reality of living in the new facility, Lied Library, proved to require changes not envisioned during the planning phase. Lied Library is not a static environment. Allocation of space and the way services are provided to customers continue to evolve.
3.1.6 Bouazza and Mufaraji (2005) found that the majority of the respondents (36%) make the use of the library once in a week and 32% respondents rarely use the Library. 12% of the respondents use the library on daily bases where as 17% use the library once in a month. 86% respondents prefer to read the books followed by 38% who read the journals and newspaper, 70% respondents have never use the audiovisual material. The study shows that 81% of the respondents are not satisfied with the audiovisual material. 64% and 36% respondents are not satisfied with journals and newspapers respectively. 48% respondents never face the problem in using library catalogue. 81% respondents have no problem regarding obtaining assistance from the library staff.
3.1.7 Sengar and Gautam (2005) indicated that there is an urgent need to improve the library collection and services in PGIMER and EHIRC. PGIMER library has a good collection but library services are very poor in nature. More than 28% medical professional of PGIMER are satisfied with present information services of their library, according to 58.53% respondents, information services to be improved and add more useful services to fulfill their need. In EHIRC, only 15% medical professionals are satisfied with present information services of their library and 65.78% respondents think that information services of their library should be improved.
3.1.8 Ramesha and Kumbar (2004) found that majority of the students, i.e., 79.81% have not waited for long time in a long queue at the circulation centre to borrow / return books. 96.76% research scholars have received books as per their research requirements. 76.39% research scholars are happy with the existing loan period and 76.85% scholars feel the need of reservation of books. 52.78% of scholars are not happy with the overnight issue provision and have a demand to extend the loan period.
3.1.9 Shokeen and Kaushik (2002) revealed that 82 respondents visit the library daily and 39 twice a week. 13 respondents visit the library weekly. Only 7 and 13 respondents showed that they visit the library fortnightly and monthly respectively.
3.1.10 Singh (2002) investigated that 36.36% of faculty members visit the library for preparing notes for teaching the students. 59.9% of faculty members visit the library 2 to 4 times in a week followed by 18.18% daily visitors. Majority of teachers spent 1 to 2 hours on an average each visit in the library. Text books and reference books are the most frequently used and are ranked first and second respectively by the faculty members. 90.90% of users have expressed partial satisfaction with the collection of library and only 9.09% of users are fully satisfied.
3.1.11 Lohar and Kumbar (2002) expressed that majority of respondents visit the library to consult text books, reference books to acquire current and general information and to read newspapers and popular magazines. Again majority of respondents 69.05% consult the library catalogue for collecting information about documents available in the library. All the respondents from Arts College Science College
3.1.12 Biradar and others (2001) revealed that 76.67% and 75% of medical practitioners need current information on new procedures and medicine respectively, 56.67% of medical parishioners get periodicals through medical associations while major percent (86.67%) of them get current information through seminars, conferences and workshops. Besides 57.67% and 53.33% of doctors use e-mail and internet as a major communication media.
3.1.13 Vijayalxmi and Maheswarappa (2001) found that 42.9% respondents visit the library twice a week. Reasons for not using the library are due to irrelevant collections, poor organization and unfriendly staff. Study shows that majority of students use library for borrowing books followed by photocopy of material, 90% students face difficulty in access and use of information due to lack of knowledge.
3.1.14 Banwet and Datta (2000) indicated that although users are satisfied with current services provided by the library, still many areas need improvement in order to build a consumer-focused attitude towards service delivery.
3.1.15 Onadiran (1999) found that 28.7% students were completely satisfied with the library services whereas large number of students, i.e., 39.5% was partially satisfied and 31.8% were not satisfied. The main cause of the dissatisfaction of users is deplorable state of the book stock in the University Library.
3.1.16 Singh (1999) studied that higher percentage of users consider that the attitude of reference staff is helpful and majority of users are satisfied with the services provided by the reference section. 74.7% of students indicated that quality of photocopy service provided by the library is better, money charged is less but time taken is more.
3.1.17 Maheswarappa and Havanur (1998) observed that Monographs / Text Books, library catalogues and newspapers were frequently used. Source of information while dictionaries, personal contacts, conferences / seminar papers, year books, encyclopedias, thesis and dissertations, handbooks and manuals and institutional services were the sources of information which were occasionally used by the biological scientists. Majority of the biological scientists never used the standards, patents, private files, trade catalogues, geographical sources, audio-visual sources, bibliography of bibliographies, guides to subject literature and government publications.
3.1.18 Singh (1998) found that 46% teachers and 40.4% students use the library twice a week. Among daily visitors, the percentage of students is much higher than the faculty members. On the contrary among weekly visitors the percentage of faculty members is much higher than students. None of the respondents have stated that they never visited the library.
3.1.19 Kanungo (1997) observed that more than 70% in history and 85% of women researchers in political science consult journals to keep their shelves up-to-date, followed by discussion with co-researchers, consulting review articles, publishers catalogue, browsing in bookshops, abstracting and indexing journals in the descending order of priority.
3.1.20 Al- Habashi (1996) stated that the collections available in the school libraries of Oman
3.1.21 Karisidappa and others (1989) revealed that library catalogue is the most important and frequently used method by the majority of Indian historians in locating information. This is followed by reference or bibliographies given at the end of each article, discussion with colleagues and approach to librarian.
3.1.22 Rajagopal (1989) found that 80.96% users use the library more than once in a week. 78.57% users are not satisfied with the present arrangement of reading material on the shelves. 83.33% of the users are not satisfied with the present book collection in the library. 88.34% of the users found that they are able to consult the library catalogue easily and remaining replied negatively.
3.1.23 Kumbar (1989) observed that the medical libraries in Karnataka are unable to meet the requirements of the medical community of the state and all the libraries should be recognized according to the growing needs of the medical and allied professionals also. Adequate funds, staff, equipment, attention of the parent body of the libraries are very essential to improve the library services in the state.
REFERENCES
2. FANG (Conghui). Statistical evaluation of university libraries in China
CHAPTER-4
RESEARCH METHDOLOGY
The purpose of study was to know the teachers and students search their required information, the sources they make use of and researchers search their required information, the sources they make use of and relative use of different sources Thus its nature was essentially empirical and it was designed to measure the desired chrematistics of a definite population.
DCE being a major centre of education and research facilitates conducting a large number of degree courses every year under the Uttar Pradesh Technical University
The faculty of Dronacharya College of Engineering consist of the branches like CSE, IT, ECE, MIE, MBA and MCA. The population for the study consists of teachers and students in the six branches of DCE, which are 1500. A stratified random sample is 200 was selected and studied in the course of the study.
Research is an intellectual act that begins with the asking of question (emerging from the awareness of one’s ignorance) and progress through the critical examination of evidence that is both relevant and reliable. As the present study was intended to collect and analysis the response of certain sample of a population, the survey method was considered appropriate and used for the study.
A great variety of methods and procedures have been developed to aid in the collection of data. These tools are of many kinds and employ methods of collecting and interpreting data. Validity and reliability are however qualities that are essential to effectiveness of any data gathering device. The tool employed in collecting the data for the present study was Questionnaire.
4.5.1 Questionnaire:
It is a data gathering instrument through which respondents answer a specified set of questions. It is used when factual or opinion based information is required. For the drafting systematic and effective questionnaire, the following guide lines were taken into consideration:
The researcher prepared one questionnaire for collecting data performing to the use of library by teachers and students in DCE. The questionnaire is given as appendix.
Questionnaire administered personally to a group of individuals has a number of advantages. The person administrating the instrument has an opportunity to establish rapport, to explain the purpose of the study and to explain the meaning of items that may otherwise not be very clear. The availability of number respondents in one place makes economy of possible time and expenses and provides a high proportion of useable responses.
Therefore, the questionnaire was administered by personally visiting the respondents. Some of them return the duly filled in questionnaire immediately while in some cases even multiple visits were not fruitful.
Table-4.7
CONSTITUTION OF USERS’ QUESTIONNAIRE
| S. No | Broad Heading | No. of Questionnaires |
| 1 | General Information | 10 |
| 2 | Use of Library | 3 |
| 3 | Communication | 7 |
| 4 | Library service | 17 |
| 5 | User satisfaction | 12 |
| 6 | Information found in library | 1 |
| 7 | Internet / Networking | 5 |
| 8 | Digital library | 7 |
| 9 | Non electronic resources | 3 |
4.7.1 POPULATION AND SAMPLE
450 Questionnaires were distributed among the library users of out of which 200 filled questionnaires received back from the users.
4.8 DATA ANALYSIS AND PRESENTATION
Data thus collected, was recorded on tally sheets and finally presented in tabular form. Data analysis is restricted to percentage of frequency counts. However, in some tables Weighted Average (WA) of responses is calculated. For this purpose the following weightage was given to each response:
Table-4.8.1
WEIGHTED AVERAGE (W.A.)
| Option | Weightage |
| Frequently | 4 |
| Sometimes | 3 |
| Rarely | 2 |
| Never | 1 |
If in a particular case of source A, the following response is recorded:
Table -4.8.2
USE OF SOURCES – A
| Option | Frequency | Weightage |
| Frequently | 4 | x 4 = 16 |
| Sometimes | 3 | x 3 = 9 |
| Rarely | 2 | x 2 = 4 |
| Never | 1 | x 1 =1 |
| Total | 10 | 30 |
WA for source A will be
Weightage
WA = ________
Frequency
30
WA = _____ = 3
10
The concepts of WA have helped in simplifying the complex tables and comparative analysis of responses in various categories.
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